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Crop evapotranspiration (ETc)

How much water the crop uses in each stage of the cycle, based on ET₀ and the Kc coefficient.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary estimateRevision 12/11/2026
Daily demand
Crop phases (FAO-56 method)

Kc is the crop coefficient for each phase; use the FAO-56 table values or those calibrated for your region.

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—Cycle ETc
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ETc by crop phase

Water consumed in each stage of the cycle, in millimeters.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Daily ETc over the cycle

Day-by-day water demand, according to the Kc of each phase.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Reference Kc by crop (FAO-56)

Approximate Kc values by FAO-56 stage, to compare with those you entered. Cultivar, climate and management change these numbers.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use

    Enter the average ET₀ for the period and, for each of the four crop phases, the duration in days and the Kc coefficient. The calculator adds up the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for the whole cycle.

    Hypothetical example

    Average ET₀ of 5.0 mm/day and a cycle of 130 days: initial 25 days with Kc 0.40; development 35 days with Kc 0.80; mid-season 45 days with Kc 1.15; late 25 days with Kc 0.70.

    Initial ETc = 0.40 × 5.0 × 25 = 50 mm; development = 0.80 × 5.0 × 35 = 140 mm; mid-season = 1.15 × 5.0 × 45 = 258.75 mm; late = 0.70 × 5.0 × 25 = 87.5 mm.

    Total = 536 mm over the cycle, or about 4.1 mm per day.

    Precautions

    • ET₀ should be the one for your region and the time of the cycle; use monthly averages from the nearest weather station.
    • This value is the demand, not the irrigation. To find the depth to apply, subtract the effective rain and divide by the efficiency.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    ETc (mm) = Σ Kc of the phase × ET₀ × days of the phase
    Average ETc (mm/day) = Cycle ETc ÷ number of days

    Assumptions and limits

    • ET₀ is constant within each phase; in practice use the average ET₀ for each period.
    • Kc constant within each phase, as in the FAO-56 phase-based Kc method.
    • Does not consider rain or irrigation; to find the depth to apply, use the water balance.

    Standards and technical documents

    • Allen, R. G. et al. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Rome: FAO, 1998.
    • Doorenbos, J.; Pruitt, W. O. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24. Rome: FAO, 1977.

    Frequently asked questions

    Where do I find Kc?

    From FAO-56 tables, by crop and phase. Values calibrated for your region and cultivar are more accurate.

    Is ETc the same as the irrigation needed?

    No. ETc is the demand; irrigation is the demand minus effective rain, divided by system efficiency.