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Degree-days: phase and harvest forecast

See how many days remain for the crop to reach the next stage, based on degree-day accumulation above the base temperature.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary estimateRevision 12/11/2026
Daily temperatures
Crop and stage

The base temperature and the total per phase depend on the cultivar and the region: check the cultivar's data sheet. The default values are examples only.

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—Days for the phase
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Days for the phase by average temperature

How many days remain at different average temperatures; the highlighted bar is your pace.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Degree-day accumulation over time

Degree-days accumulated over the next 120 days at the day's pace; the dashed line is the phase target.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Days for the phase by average temperature

Degree-days per day and days to the phase at average temperatures of 18 °C to 30 °C, with the base and accumulated values entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use

    Enter the day's maximum and minimum temperature (or period averages), the crop's base temperature, the degree-days already accumulated, and the total required by the cultivar's phase. The calculator shows the degree-days of the day and the days to the phase.

    Worked example

    Maximum of 30 °C, minimum of 20 °C, base of 10 °C, 300 °C·day accumulated, and target of 1,100 °C·day.

    Degree-days of the day = (30 + 20) ÷ 2 − 10 = 15 °C·day. 800 are missing. Days = 800 ÷ 15 = 53 days.

    Precautions

    • Check the base temperature and the total per phase on the cultivar's data sheet.
    • Use field monitoring to confirm the stage; the calculation is a forecast.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    Degree-days of the day (°C·day) = [(Tmax capped at 30 °C + Tmin capped at the base) ÷ 2] − Base temperature
    Days for the phase = (Degree-days needed − Degree-days accumulated) ÷ Degree-days of the day

    Assumptions and limits

    • Daily average temperature as the basis of the calculation; the approximation holds within the crop’s growth range.
    • Steady pace: if the weather changes, the time for the stage also changes.
    • Base temperature and degree-days by stage depend on the cultivar and region; confirm on the cultivar data sheet.

    Standards and technical documents

    • McMaster, G. S.; Wilhelm, W. W. Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 87, 1997.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is base temperature?

    It is the temperature below which the crop barely grows. For soybean and corn, the common reference is 10 °C, but confirm with your cultivar.

    Why the 30 °C limit?

    Because above this temperature growth no longer increases, and the calculation should not add that excess. It is a convention of the method.

    Where does the degree-day total per phase come from?

    From the cultivar's data sheet, obtained in field trials. It varies with the variety and the planting date.

    Does the forecast help plan the harvest?

    Yes, as an estimate. Use it together with field monitoring, because rain, stress and disease can delay or speed up the stage.