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Drip irrigation: irrigation time

How many hours the system must run to apply the desired depth.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary estimateRevision 12/11/2026
Drip irrigation system
Depth to apply

Each emitter wets an area equal to row spacing × emitter spacing. With 1 L/m² = 1 mm, the rate comes out directly in mm/h.

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—Irrigation time per event
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Irrigation time by depth

Operating hours to apply each net depth, with the system entered.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Application rate by spacing

Millimeters per hour for each dripper spacing, at the same flow rate.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Irrigation time by emitter flow and depth

Hours per event for each combination of flow rate and net depth, with the spacing and efficiency entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use

    Enter the spacings between rows and between drippers, the flow rate of one dripper, and the depth you want to apply. The calculator shows the application rate and the irrigation time per event.

    Hypothetical example

    Lines 3.0 m apart, drippers 0.5 m apart, flow rate of 2.0 L/h, net depth of 6 mm, and 90% efficiency.

    Wetted area = 3.0 × 0.5 = 1.5 m²; rate = 2.0 ÷ 1.5 = 1.33 mm/h. Gross depth = 6 ÷ 0.90 = 6.67 mm.

    Time = 6.67 ÷ 1.33 = 5.0 hours per event.

    Precautions

    • The calculation assumes uniform flow in all emitters; check the pressure and the head loss along the line.
    • Clogging reduces the actual flow and increases the time. Measure the flow of some emitters periodically.
    • To decide the frequency, combine with the water balance.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    Wetted area per emitter (m²) = Row spacing × Emitter spacing
    Application rate (mm/h) = flow (L/h) ÷ area (m²), since 1 L/m² = 1 mm
    Time (h) = [net depth ÷ efficiency] ÷ application rate

    Assumptions and limits

    • Uniform flow in all emitters, with pressure and head loss controlled.
    • Each emitter irrigates a rectangle equal to row × emitter spacing, with no significant overlap.
    • Clogging and flow variation reduce efficiency; use the efficiency measured in your system.

    Standards and technical documents

    • Bernardo, S.; Mantovani, E. C.; Silva, D. D.; Soares, A. A. Manual de irrigação. 9th ed. Viçosa: UFV, 2019.
    • Keller, J.; Bliesner, R. D. Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

    Frequently asked questions

    Why does time go up when flow goes down?

    The rate is the flow divided by the wetted area. If the flow drops, the same depth takes longer to apply.

    Does it work for drip tape?

    Yes, as long as you use the flow per emitter and the emitter spacing of the tape; confirm the data with the manufacturer.