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Irrigation depth in all units

Enter the depth in millimeters, the area, and the spacing to see the water volume in L/m², m³ per hectare, m³ over the area, and liters per plant.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

VerificationRevision 12/11/2026

Technical responsibility. This calculator is under verification. The reference values and examples are hypothetical, to illustrate the calculation, and are not technical references. The user is responsible for the data entered, the choice of parameters, and the use of the results, and must validate them with a qualified professional before any decision, purchase, application, or construction work.

Depth
Area and planting

Mm is the depth of water over the ground: 1 mm equals 1 liter per square meter, or 10 m³ per hectare.

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—Converted depth
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Water per cycle by depth

Total volume over the area for depths of 5 to 30 mm; the highlighted bar is your depth, when it falls in that range.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Water volume per depth: per hectare, for the area and per plant

Water volume for depths of 5 to 30 mm, with the area and spacings entered. The highlighted row is your depth, when it falls in that range.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use the depth conversion

    Enter the depth in millimeters, the irrigated area, and the spacings between plants and between rows. The calculator shows the depth in L/m², the volume per hectare, the total volume of the area, and the water each plant receives.

    Worked example

    Depth of 10 mm over 20 ha, with plants 0.5 m apart and rows 3 m apart.

    10 mm = 10 L/m² = 100 m³/ha. On the area, it is 100 × 20 = 2,000 m³. Each plant takes up 0.5 × 3 = 1.5 m², so it gets 10 × 1.5 = 15 litres.

    Quick table

    DepthL/m²m³/ha
    5 mm550
    10 mm10100
    20 mm20200
    25.4 mm (1 inch)25.4254

    Common mistakes

    • Using the total pivot area for the liters-per-plant calculation when only part of the area has plants.
    • Mixing up m³/ha with m³ per irrigation across the whole property.
    • Forgetting the system efficiency when sizing the water intake.

    For the flow the system must deliver, use the flow required for irrigation. For the depth per shift, use the irrigation interval.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    Water (L/m²) = Depth (mm), since 1 mm = 1 L/m²
    Water (m³/ha) = Depth (mm) × 10
    Water per plant (L) = Depth (mm) × Plant spacing (m) × Row spacing (m)

    Assumptions and limits

    • Uniform depth over the whole area, as in a rain or a well-distributed irrigation.
    • Area per plant is the planting rectangle (between plants × between rows).
    • Does not consider system efficiency; for that, use the gross depth.

    Standards and technical documents

    • Bernardo, S.; Soares, A. A.; Mantovani, E. C. Manual de irrigação. 8th ed. Viçosa: UFV, 2006.

    Frequently asked questions

    How much is 1 mm of rain or irrigation?

    1 mm equals 1 litre per square metre, or 10 m³ per hectare. It is the height of water that would cover the land if nothing ran off or soaked in.

    How to find the depth each plant receives?

    Multiply the depth in mm by the area the plant occupies, in m². The result comes out in liters per plant.

    Does rainfall depth count as irrigation?

    Yes, in water volume, as long as it is effective. Subtracting rain from the interval is a management decision, not a unit conversion.

    Why does the volume in m³ matter for the water permit?

    Because water permits and water tariffs are usually in m³. Converting the depth is the first step to estimating the annual volume withdrawn.