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Irrigation reservoir

See how many cubic meters the reservoir must hold for each shift, how long the pump takes to fill it, and the base dimensions.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary estimateRevision 12/11/2026
Area and depth
Reservoir and pump

The depth per irrigation interval comes from the irrigation calculation. Efficiency and losses depend on the system and on your region's climate.

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—Reservoir volume
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Schematic diagram

Cross-section of the reservoir with water at full level. The width is to scale; the height is exaggerated so it shows. The base is square, as in the calculation.

Reservoir volume by reserve shifts

Cubic meters to store from one to five shifts; the highlighted bar is your choice.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Filling time by pump flow

Hours to fill the tank at different flow rates; the point is your pump.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Volume and filling by depth

Total volume, base side and filling time for depths of 15 to 40 mm, with the shifts and pump entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use

    Enter the irrigated area, depth per shift, application efficiency, how many shifts the tank must hold, losses, usable depth, and pump flow. The calculator shows the volume per shift, the total volume, the base dimensions, and the filling time.

    Worked example

    20 ha, 25 mm depth, 85% efficiency, 1 shift of reserve, 10% losses, 3 m depth and a 60 m³/h pump.

    Per shift = 20 × 25 × 10 ÷ 0.85 = 5,882 m³. Total = 5,882 × 1 × 1.10 = 6,471 m³. Square base = √(6,471 ÷ 3) = 46.4 m. Filling time = 6,471 ÷ 60 = 108 h.

    Precautions

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    Volume per shift (m³) = Area (ha) × Depth (mm) × 10 ÷ Application efficiency
    Total volume (m³) = Volume per shift × Reserve shifts × (1 + Losses)
    Side of the square base (m) = √(Total volume ÷ Usable depth)
    Filling time (h) = Total volume ÷ Pump flow (m³/h)

    Assumptions and limits

    • 1 mm of water depth over 1 ha equals 10 m³ of water.
    • Square base and constant usable depth; side slopes, freeboard and dead volume are not included in the calculation.
    • Losses from evaporation and seepage are a fraction of the volume, entered by the user.

    Standards and technical documents

    • Bernardo, S.; Soares, A. A.; Mantovani, E. C. Manual de irrigação. 8th ed. Viçosa: UFV, 2006.

    Legislation and regulations in Brazil

    • Dams and water intakes require a water-use permit and, in many cases, a licence from the environmental agency; confirm before building

    Frequently asked questions

    Why does 1 mm equal 10 m³ per hectare?

    Because 1 mm is 0.001 m of water depth. One hectare has 10,000 m². So 0.001 × 10,000 = 10 m³.

    Why divide by efficiency?

    Because not all the pumped water reaches the crop. Part is lost in conveyance and application, and the reservoir must store the volume the pump has to deliver.

    What is reserve shift?

    It is how many shifts the reservoir must be able to supply without refilling, for example during irregular rainfall or a power outage.

    Can the calculation be used to design the dam?

    No. It gives the volume and the order of magnitude of the dimensions. The dam and spillway design is the work of an engineer, with soil and watershed studies.