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Liming by base saturation

Enter the CEC, current saturation, and the crop's target to find out how much limestone to apply per hectare, corrected by PRNT.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary sizingRevision 12/11/2026
Soil
Target and limestone

Typical V2 values range from 50% to 70%, depending on the crop. Use the recommendation for your region and the lime lab report.

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—Liming need
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Limestone needed for the desired saturation

Tonnes per hectare for each V2 target; the dot marks your target.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Effect of PRNT on the dose

How much limestone the same correction requires at different PRNT values; the highlighted bar is your limestone.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Limestone per hectare by saturation and PRNT

Limestone dose (t/ha) for combinations of desired base saturation (V2) and PRNT, with the CEC, current saturation, and depth entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use the liming calculator

    Take the soil analysis report for the 0 to 20 cm layer and note the CEC at pH 7 (T) and the current base saturation (V1). Enter the desired saturation (V2) for the crop, the limestone PRNT, which is on the report or the label, and the incorporation depth. The result comes out in tonnes per hectare and in total for the area.

    Worked example

    Soil with T = 10 cmolc/dm³, V1 = 35%, target V2 = 60%, limestone with 85% PRNT, incorporated to 20 cm, area of 50 ha.

    NC = 10 × (60 − 35) ÷ 85 × (20 ÷ 20) = 2.94 t/ha. For the 50 ha, it is about 147 t of limestone.

    Limestone types and PRNT

    Agricultural limestone is classified by its magnesium oxide content. PRNT combines neutralizing power with grind fineness (reactivity): the higher it is, the faster and more complete the effect per kilo applied.

    TypeMgOWhen to choose
    Calciticup to 5%soil with adequate magnesium
    Magnesiande 5% a 12%low to medium magnesium
    Dolomiticabove 12%low magnesium

    Common liming mistakes

    • Using the catalog PRNT instead of the lab report for the purchased batch.
    • Forgetting the depth: incorporating at 30 cm requires a dose 50% higher than at 20 cm.
    • Applying more than 5 t/ha at once without considering splitting the application.
    • Repeating the same V2 target for all crops, without checking the regional recommendation.

    After correcting the acidity, calculate the blend in the NPK fertilization and check the total cost in the production cost per hectare.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    NC (t/ha) = T × (V2 − V1) ÷ PRNT × (depth ÷ 20 cm)
    Ca + Mg to raise (cmolc/dm³) = T × (V2 − V1) ÷ 100

    Assumptions and limits

    • Applies to the 0 to 20 cm layer; for another depth, the rate scales linearly with it.
    • Assumes the limestone is well incorporated. The reaction takes months, so the soil analysis should be repeated after liming.
    • PRNT should come from the limestone analysis report; catalog values are only a reference.

    Standards and technical documents

    • Raij, B. van et al. Recomendações de adubação e calagem para o Estado de São Paulo. Technical Bulletin 100. Campinas: IAC, 1997.

    Legislation and regulations in Brazil

    • Law 6,894/1980: inspection and oversight of the production and trade of fertilizers, soil correctives, inoculants, and related products
    • Decree 4,954/2004: regulates Law 6,894/1980

    Frequently asked questions

    How to know how much lime to apply?

    From soil analysis: with the CEC, current saturation and crop target, the base saturation calculation gives the dose in tonnes per hectare, corrected by the limestone PRNT.

    What is PRNT?

    It is the efficiency of the limestone relative to pure calcium carbonate. A limestone with 80% PRNT needs more product than one with 100% for the same effect. The value is on the lab report.

    Which base saturation (V2) should I use?

    Depends on the crop and your state's recommendation. The most common values are between 50% and 70%; confirm in the regional fertilization and liming manual before deciding.

    When should I apply limestone?

    Ideally two to three months before planting, to give the soil time to react, and well incorporated into the layer to be corrected.

    How does the dose change with depth?

    The dose varies in proportion to depth relative to 20 cm: for 10 cm, half; for 40 cm, double.

    Calcitic, magnesian or dolomitic limestone?

    The choice depends on the soil's magnesium. With low Mg, magnesian or dolomitic lime corrects acidity and supplies magnesium; with adequate Mg, calcitic lime is enough.

    Can I do the calculation without a soil analysis?

    No. The calculation depends on the CEC (T) and the current saturation (V1), which only come from the soil analysis. Without the report, the dose is a guess, with risk to the crop and to the cost.