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Machine operating capacity

Enter the working width, speed, and field efficiency to find out how many hectares the machine covers per hour and per day.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary sizingRevision 12/11/2026
Machine and operation
Area

Field efficiency accounts for turns, refuelling and stops. Use a measurement of your own operation; common values are between 60% and 85%, depending on the type of work.

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—Effective working capacity
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Effective capacity by speed

How many hectares per hour the machine covers at each speed, with the width and efficiency you entered; the dot marks your operation.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Hectares per day by field efficiency

Daily output with the effective hours you entered; the highlighted bar is your efficiency.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Effective capacity in hectares per hour

Output in hectares per hour for combinations of working width and speed, with the field efficiency you entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use operating capacity

    Enter the implement's working width, average speed, field efficiency, and effective hours per day. The calculator returns the theoretical and effective capacity in hectares per hour, the daily output, and the days needed for the area.

    Worked example

    Boom sprayer of 6 m at 8 km/h, 75% efficiency, 10 effective hours per day and an area of 100 ha.

    Theoretical = 6 × 8 ÷ 10 = 4.8 ha/h. Effective = 4.8 × 0.75 = 3.6 ha/h. Per day = 3.6 × 10 = 36 ha. For 100 ha, about 2.8 days.

    How to improve field efficiency

    • Plan plots with long row lengths to reduce the number of turns.
    • Plan fuel and input supply before starting the operation.
    • Measure efficiency during one full hour of work and compare it with the planned one.

    Common mistakes

    • Using the implement’s nominal width when the overlap is large.
    • Assuming 100% efficiency and underestimating the number of days.
    • Working at speeds that worsen product distribution.

    To convert yield into cost per hectare, use the machine hourly cost; for plot planning, see passes, time and diesel.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    Theoretical capacity (ha/h) = Working width (m) × Speed (km/h) ÷ 10
    Effective capacity (ha/h) = Theoretical capacity × Field efficiency
    Hectares per day = Effective capacity × Effective hours per day

    Assumptions and limits

    • Constant speed during work; field efficiency includes turns, refueling and stops.
    • Working width is that of the implement, not the tractor.
    • No logistics delays, rain or breakdowns; for planning, use the efficiency measured in your own operation.

    Standards and technical documents

    • ASABE. EP496: Agricultural Machinery Management Data. St. Joseph: ASABE.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is field efficiency?

    It is the ratio between the time actually worked and the total time of the operation. Turns, refueling, adjustments and stops reduce efficiency.

    Is it better to increase speed or width?

    Width usually gives more return, because it increases the area per pass without affecting quality. Speed is limited by coverage and by the equipment's settings.

    How to measure operating efficiency?

    Time the area worked in one full hour, counting the stops. Divide the area by the effective time and compare with the theoretical value.

    How to use capacity in the cost?

    Divide the machine's hourly cost by the effective capacity in ha/h. The result is the cost per hectare of the operation.