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Sheep and goats: stocking rate and intake

How many animal units the herd represents, how much it eats, and how much pasture it needs.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

Preliminary estimateRevision 12/11/2026
Herd
Pasture

1 UA (animal unit) equals 450 kg of live weight. Carrying capacity depends on the region, the forage and the time of year; use local data.

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—Herd stocking rate
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Daily dry matter intake by weight

Dry matter consumed per day for the number of head entered, varying live weight.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Required area by carrying capacity

Hectares needed for the herd, varying the pasture's carrying capacity.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Animal unit (UA) and intake by animal weight

UA per animal and dry matter intake at each live weight, with intake as a percentage of the weight you entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use

    Enter the number of head, the average live weight, the dry matter intake as a percentage of live weight, and the pasture's carrying capacity in AU per hectare. The calculator shows the stocking rate in AU, the dry matter consumed, and the area needed.

    Hypothetical example

    150 breeding females of 45 kg, intake of 3.0% of live weight and carrying capacity of 0.8 UA/ha.

    UA = 150 × 45 ÷ 450 = 15 UA. MS per day = 150 × 45 × 3.0% = 202.5 kg; per year = 73.9 t.

    Area = 15 ÷ 0.8 = 18.75 ha.

    Precautions

    • Carrying capacity is an annual average; in the dry season supply drops, and the area needs a reserve or supplementation.
    • If you supplement with feed, add its dry matter to the total intake.
    • Sheep and goats have different intakes depending on breed and stage; adjust the percentage to your herd.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    UA = total live weight ÷ 450 kg
    Daily DM (kg) = total live weight × intake (%) ÷ 100
    Area (ha) = UA ÷ carrying capacity (UA/ha)

    Assumptions and limits

    • Intake of 3% of live weight is a reference value for grazing sheep; it varies with forage quality.
    • Carrying capacity is an annual average; supply drops in the dry season.
    • Does not include feed supplementation; if there is any, add its dry matter to the total intake.

    Standards and technical documents

    • NRC. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. Washington: National Academies Press, 2007.
    • Hodgson, J. Grazing management: science into practice. Harlow: Longman, 1990.

    Frequently asked questions

    Why use UA?

    Because it allows comparing herds of different species and weights: 1 UA equals 450 kg of live weight.

    Are goats included in the same calculation?

    Yes, with the live weight and the breed's intake. Dairy and meat goats have different requirements; check the percentage for your herd.