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Terracing: spacing, length and earthwork volume

Estimate how many terraces the field needs, how many meters of terrace, and how much soil is moved, based on slope.

Pre-sizing and estimating tool: the results do not replace a design, calculation, or report signed by a qualified professional, nor verification against the applicable standards.

VerificationRevision 12/11/2026

Technical responsibility. This calculator is under verification. The reference values and examples are hypothetical, to illustrate the calculation, and are not technical references. The user is responsible for the data entered, the choice of parameters, and the use of the results, and must validate them with a qualified professional before any decision, purchase, application, or construction work.

Plot
Spacing and terrace

The vertical spacing comes from your region's terracing manual, based on slope and soil. The default values are only examples.

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—Terraces and earthwork volume
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Schematic diagram

Field profile with the proposed terraces and a terrace section. Diagram not to scale: slope and height exaggerated for easier reading.

Number of terraces by spacing

How many terraces the field needs at each vertical spacing; the highlighted bar is your value.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Terrace length by spacing

Meters of terrace in the field at each spacing; the point is your spacing.

Tap the chart to see the values.

What if the data changes?

Drag the controls to simulate data different from what you entered (from 30% less to 30% more) and watch the result change instantly.

Tap the chart to see the values.

Terraces by vertical spacing

Terraces, length and earthwork volume for spacings of 0.6 to 1.5 m, with the area and height you entered.

Step by step with your numbers

The calculation done in steps, with the values you entered.

    The calculation memo gathers this page's inputs, results, equations, assumptions, and references, with fields for project, responsible person, and review. The full report also includes the charts and interpretations, in color. In the print window, choose Save as PDF.

    How to use

    Enter the field area, the length along the slope, the average gradient, the vertical spacing for your region, and the terrace dimensions. The calculator estimates the number of terraces, the total length, and the earth volume.

    Worked example

    Field plot of 20 ha, 400 m long on the slope, 6% grade, 1.0 m vertical spacing, terrace 0.4 m high, 4 m base and 1 m top.

    Height difference = 400 × 6 ÷ 100 = 24 m. Terraces ≈ 24 ÷ 1.0 = 24 terraces. Length = 200,000 ÷ 1.0 = 200,000 m. Section = 0.4 × (4 + 1) ÷ 2 = 1 m². Volume = 1 × 200,000 = 200,000 m³.

    Precautions

    • Vertical spacing is the most sensitive value: check it in the regional manual.
    • A terrace that is poorly laid out or has no water outlet can cause more erosion than an area without a terrace.
    • For machine and working width calculations, use the passes per plot.

    Method, assumptions, and references

    Equations used

    Terrace length (m) = Area (m²) ÷ Vertical spacing (m)
    Height difference (m) = Slope length (m) × Gradient (%) ÷ 100
    Number of terraces ≈ Height difference (m) ÷ Vertical spacing (m)
    Section (m²) = height (m) × (base width + top width) ÷ 2
    Volume (m³) = Section (m²) × Terrace length (m)

    Assumptions and limits

    • Rectangular plot, with terraces parallel to the contour lines and uniform spacing.
    • The vertical spacing should come from your region's terracing manual, based on slope and soil; the calculator does not set it.
    • Does not include water outlet structures, drainage channels, cut and fill at the headlands, or field drainage.

    Standards and technical documents

    • Embrapa and IAPAR. Publications on soil conservation and terracing (check the most recent edition and the manual for your region).

    Legislation and regulations in Brazil

    • Designing and building terraces requires technical responsibility from an engineer or agronomist (ART/CREA)

    Frequently asked questions

    Why is vertical spacing the most important number?

    Because it sets how many terraces fit on the slope. It depends on the slope, soil type and the region's rainfall, and it must come from a technical reference.

    Can the calculator be used to design the terrace?

    No. It estimates quantities for budgeting and planning. The design, with a topographic survey, is the work of an engineer or agronomist.

    Does a terrace help drainage?

    Yes, because it reduces water speed and soil loss. But the field also needs properly sized water outlets, which are not included here.

    How to measure the slope?

    With a topographic survey, level or precision GPS. The average in the direction of the slope is the value that goes into the calculation.